Complicaciones anestesicas intraoperatorias y posoperatorias en el Hospital Nacional Rosales enero- junio 2025
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Date
2025-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de El Salvador, Facultad de Medicina
Abstract
La anestesia es un componente vital de la atención quirúrgica y requiere competencias y recursos apropiados. Es compleja y potencialmente muy peligrosa, y su realización con seguridad requiere un elevado nivel de experiencia en diagnóstico médico, farmacología, fisiología, y anatomía, así como habilidades prácticas. Las complicaciones anestésicas son eventos adversos o situaciones no deseadas, que aparecen en el intraoperatorio o postoperatorio. Objetivo. Conocer la frecuencia y distribución de las complicaciones anestésicas intraoperatorias y postoperatorios en Hospital Nacional Rosales, enero- junio 2025. Materiales y métodos. Utilizamos un diseño observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal, de serie de casos, de pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor en un periodo de tiempo, a partir del registro anestésico y expedientes electrónicos, con seguimiento. El resultado primario la presentación de complicación anestésica, el momento de presentación y su resolución. Usamos estadística descriptiva e inferencial para identificar algunas asociaciones. El estudio fue sometido a evaluación ética al Comité de ética de investigación en salud del HNR. Resultados. Se incluyo una muestra total de 200 expedientes extraídos por muestreo probabilístico sistemático. Se encontró una tasa de complicaciones globales de 15.5%, siendo 6% en postoperatorio aun en sala de operaciones y 9% durante el transoperatorio. Choque e hipotermia fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes. Se encontró asociación con el tipo de anestesia raquídea y con la no realización de la lista de anestesia segura. Conclusiones. La tasa de complicaciones anestésicas en nuestra serie es alta, del 16%.
Abstract:
Anesthesia is a vital component of surgical care and requires appropriate competencies and resources. It is complex and potentially dangerous, and its safe administration requires a high level of expertise in medical diagnosis, pharmacology, physiology, and anatomy, as well as well-developed practical skills. Anesthetic complications are defined as adverse events or undesirable situations that occur during the intraoperative or postoperative period. Objective: to determine the frequency and distribution of intraoperative and postoperative anesthetic complications at Hospital Nacional Rosales from January to June 2025.
Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal case series study was conducted in patients undergoing major surgery over a defined period. Data was obtained from anesthetic records and electronic medical records, with follow-up. The primary outcome was the occurrence of anesthetic complications, their time of onset, and their resolution. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to identify associations. The study was submitted for ethical review and approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Hospital Nacional Rosales. Results: a total of 200 medical records were included, selected through systematic probability sampling. The overall complication rate was 15.5%, with 6% occurring during the postoperative period (even though patients were still in the operating room) and 9% during the intraoperative period. Shock and hypothermia were the most frequent complications. An association was identified with the type of spinal anesthesia and with failure to complete the safe anesthesia checklist. Conclusions: the rate of anesthetic complications in this series was high, at 16%.
Description
Keywords
Anestesia, Cirugía